Progressive flat foot in the adult can become a very disabling problem if not caught early enough. The arch of the foot is held up by a number of structures that include the shape of the bones and the ligaments that support the joints. Muscles also play a major role in hold up the arch of the foot. The main muscle that does this is the posterior tibial muscle that is in the leg. Its tendon passes the inside of the ankle to attach to the arch to hold it up. The most common cause of progressive flat foot in adults is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction occurs when the tendon and muscle complex can no longer do its job. The muscle and tendon can no longer resist the forces that are trying to flatten the arch of the foot. Degeneration sets into the tendon as its gets progressively worse. The initial symptoms are usually and ache or mild pain on the inside of the ankle joint where the tendon is. Later this pain becomes more severe and spreads to the arch of the foot. Eventually as the deformity progresses walking becomes difficult as the foot and the tendon become such unstable structures.
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treatment is much easier if it is caught early. Usually some strengthening exercises, good supportive shoes and custom made foot orthotics is all that is needed to get it under control. If not, braces may need to be worn. If it is any worse, then surgery is often the only option.
If anyone suspects they have this problem, they should consult a health professional.
